This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The data underlying this study are available within the manuscript and Supporting Information files and from the Dataverse repository ( ).įunding: This work was funded by the research program NWO VICI “The rhythms of cognition: Using simultaneous TMS-fMRI-EEG to integrate brain-wide network and oscillatory communication mechanisms for enhancing human cognition” (awarded to ATS) with project number 453-15-008, which is financed by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).Ĭompeting interests: The authors declare no competing conflict of interest. Received: MaAccepted: JPublished: September 16, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Schilberg et al. PLoS ONE 16(9):Įditor: Luigi Cattaneo, Universita degli Studi di Trento, ITALY In the future, controlling for such a causal relationship may allow for the development of new protocols, improve this method as a (diagnostic) tool and increase the specificity and efficacy of general TMS applications.Ĭitation: Schilberg L, Ten Oever S, Schuhmann T, Sack AT (2021) Phase and power modulations on the amplitude of TMS-induced motor evoked potentials. These findings may help explain corticospinal excitability fluctuations by highlighting the modulatory effect of alpha and beta phase on MEPs. Our results show that MEP amplitude is correlated to alpha phase, alpha power as well as beta phase. Here, we investigate the dependence of MEP amplitude on oscillation power and phase by combining the application of single pulse TMS over the primary motor cortex with concurrent recordings of electromyography and electroencephalography. One possible cause for high variability of MEPs could be neuronal oscillatory activity, which reflects fluctuations of membrane potentials that systematically increase and decrease the excitability of neuronal networks. However, reports about spontaneous fluctuations of MEP amplitudes causing high intra-individual variability have led to increased concerns about the reliability of this measure. The evaluation of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) promises valuable information about fundamental brain related mechanisms and may serve as a diagnostic tool for clinical monitoring of therapeutic progress or surgery procedures.
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